Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer

The Basics On Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer

What is Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer?

A derivative of hyaluronic acid made by extracting its sodium salt, and attached to a polymer structure.

What are other names for Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer?

SODIUM HYALURONATE CROSSPOLYMER

What is Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer used for?

Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occuring substance in the body with good water-binding abilities and 50% of the bodies’ amount is found on the deepest layers of skin. Sodium Hyaluronic Cross Polymer is a smaller form of hyaluronic acid with a 3D molecular structure that locks moisture within the skin for longer and deeper down than the high weight molecule hyaluronic acid is able to. The molecular structure consists of multiple molecular groups which are held tightly together, known as polymer. When the polymer enters the dermis, the skins’ enzymes break down the bond between the molecular structure, which makes it possible for the polymer to move freely and the skin is continuously filled with hyaluronic acid over a long period of time, which in turn gives a longer lasting moisturising effect. Sodium Hyaluronate Cross Polymer is a sort of “moisture sponge” which is smaller than the hyaluronic acid. This results in the skins’ moisture levels being maintained more effectively because the moisture is being absorbed and stored deep within the skin. This “sponge” effect restores the skin to its fuller, more youthful appearance and smooths out fine lines. A cream with high weight molecular hyaluronic acid means it is a great moisturiser for the outer layer of skin, whilst also strengthening the skins’ protective barrier, but also being a temporary solution for more fuller looking skin.

How Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer is classified

Skin-Replenishing, Film-Forming Agents, Film-Forming/Holding Agents

Recommendations for using Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Limited data suggests no known risk

 

Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer During Pregnancy

What we know about using Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer while pregnant or breastfeeding

Limited information available.

Rats Several similar reproductive and developmental toxi city studies on hyaluronic acid and its salts were per formed using rats. One study’ 66is described in detail in this section and summarized in Table 8 with 10 other studies. A multigenerational study of the effects of sodium hyaluronate derived from cockscombs on pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats and their offspring was performed. 166In all cases, a 1% solution of hya luronic acid in physiological saline solution was used. After weighing, male and female 12-week-old rats were housed together in pairs. From day 17 of pregnancy to day 20 after parturition, sodium hyalur onate was administered by subcutaneous injection in the back area to the dams at 7 mg/kg (0.7 mL/kg), 20 mg/kg (2 mL/kg), or 60 mg/kg (6 mL/kg). The control group was administered 6 mL/kg physiological saline solution (n 21 or 22). Body weights were deter mined daily during pregnancy, and dams were exam ined on delivery day. Food consumption was measured on days 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 19 after par turition. Females nursed the pups for 21 days during which the pups were observed for abnormalities (physical and behavioral) and weighed 3 times per week. The dams were killed on day 21, bled, and dis sected so to observe the organs. Implantation marks in the uteri were also counted to calculate the live birth index. The newborn survivor and morbidity indexes were determined at hour 16 for the gener ation. Weight, sex, and malformations were noted. On day 4, the F1 newborn pups were divided into lit ters of 10 (5 male, S female). Individual body weights were measured on days 4, 7, 14, and 21. Morbidities and general symptoms were recorded every day. Other measurements included auricle separations (days 2, 3, and 4), Fur growth (days 8 through 12), dentition (days 10 through 14), and opening of eyes (days 16 and 17). During week 3, the pups culled from the litters were killed and treated with 70% ethanol and their skeletal structures examined. On day 21, the F1 gener ation was subjected to motor function test (cornea! reflex, righting reflex, and avoidance reaction). Three males and 3 females from each group were killed and dissected. The remaining pups were weighed weekly and kept until 10 weeks of age. Sexual development was noted at week 3 and 4 for males and weeks S and 6 for females. A motor test (rotating rod, vertical, and diagonal board) was performed at week 4. At week 7, the electrical shock avoidance aptitude test was admi nistered. At week 10, the remaining pups were mated. Two-thirds of the dams were killed on the 20th day of pregnancy, weighed, measured, and dissected. The number of surviving fetuses was counted. The remaining third of the dams was allowed to give birth. The litters were grouped into 10 each as before. After 21 days of nursing, the live birth index, viability, and nursing indexes were determined. There was no morbidity among the control or experimental dams. The weights of the dams in the 60 mg/kg group were higher than the control group, and the relative weights of the heart and lungs were lower on the 20th day of pregnancy. The 7 mg/kg group increased food consumption on day 4 after delivery. There were no other macroscopic differences observed during pregnancy or nursing. A gelatinous residue at the site where the 60 mg/kg injections were made was noted histologically. Nodular herplasia of reticular zone cells was present in the adrenal gland for 1 of 3 of the 7 mg/kg group, for 2 of 3 in the 20 mg/kg group, and 3 of 3 in the 60 mg/kg group. The severity of adrenal gland effects ranged from slightly sporadic and reduced nodular foci (most cases) to one case of severe pervasive nodular foci in the 60 mg/kg group. No other abnormalities were found. There were no differences between treated and controls for the number of implantations, mean gestation length, number of newborns, sex ratio, live birth index, viability index, or external malformations compared with controls. There were no differences in the timing of separation of auricle, appearance of abdominal hair, odontiasis, eye opening, descent of testes, or vaginal opening in treated when compared with controls. There was no difference in the change of body weight through day 70 for male and female F1 pups compared with controls. There were no differences in absolute or relative organ weights at day 21 com pared with controls. The relative weight of the epidi clymis in the male 7.0 mg/kg group was lower than the control group at day 70 (P < .05). At 70 days, the thymus and uterus weights of the 7.0 mg/kg group were less than the control group (P < .05); the rela tive weight of the bled carcass was less than control (P < .05), and the relative and absolute weights of the ovaries were less than the control group (P < .05). The skeletal examinations of the pups showed no malformations nor differences between the groups with dams administered sodium hyaluronate and the control group. The motor function tests of day 21 showed no abnormalities. Balance on the diagonal board was maintained at a steeper angle for all the male experimental groups and the female 20,0 mg/kg group, compared with the control group (P < .05). Of the F1 offspring, there was no differ ence in the copulation and fertility index between treated and control animals. When examining the F1 generation and their fetuses (F2), the authors reported no difference in the number of corpora lutea, number of implanta tions, number of live fetuses, percentage of resorp tions, percentage of macerated fetuses, percentage of dead fetuses, fetus body length or weight, or adhe sion of placenta compared to controls. The ‚Äò7.0 mg/kg group had a lower male/female sex ratio than the control, and the female placenta weight was higher (P < .05). The 60.0 mg/kg group had a longer male tail length (P < .0 5). When comparing the newborns of the F2 generation, the authors stated that the mean gestation length was longer for all treatment groups. There were no differences in the number of implantations, number of newborns, sex ratio, live birth index, viability index, lactation index, body weight at birth on day 21, or external malformations compared with controls. In the postnatal develop ment of the F2 generation, there were a higher num ber of pups that had separation of auricle on day 3 in the 7.0 mg/kg and the 20.0 mg/kg groups when compared with the control group (P < .05); there 32 International Journal of Toxicology / Vol. 28, No. 4S, July/August 2009 were no differences on day 2 or 4 for these 2 groups and no difference at all for the 60.0 mg/kg group compared with the control group. There were a higher number of pups with the appearance of abdominal hair on day 10 in the 20.0 mg/kg group (P < .05) compared with the control group but not with any other group or on any other day. There were more pups with odontiasis in the 20.0 mg/kg group on day 11 when compared with the control group (P < .05); there was no difference on any other day for all 3 groups. On day 17, a higher number of pups had opened their eyes in the 60.0 mg/kg group when compared with the control (P < .05). There were no differences in the other groups. The authors con cluded that there were no adverse prenatal or postna tal effects due to hyaluronic acid in rats; the NOAEL was reported to be 60 mg/kg. As noted in Table 8, there was a slightly higher NOAEL in rats of 64 mgI kg d and a lower NOAEL in rats of 40 mg/kg d'. Rabbits A reproductive and developmental toxicity study was conducted using KBL: Japanese white rabbits to determine the effects of SL-1010 sodium hyaluro nate (average molecular weight of 1.78 million, con centration not reported) in isotonic sodium chloride solution. 167 After 3 weeks of acclimation when the females were 4 months old and the males were over 5 months old, the nulliparous females and males were mated. When a pair had been observed to mate twice, that day was considered day 0 of pregnancy. Four groups of pregnant rabbits (n = 13 or 14) were grouped in a stratified random sampling method by body weight based on the weights on day 0 of preg nancy. Sodium hyaluronic acid solution, 0.5, 15, and 50 mg/kg d', was subcutaneously administered to the dams once per day from day 6 to day 18 of preg nancy. The locations of the injections were rotated between 6 sites: the left and right sides of the neck, chest, and lumbar. The doses were control (isotonic sodium chloride solution), 5 mg/kg d', 15 mg/kg d', and 50 mg/kg d'. The dams were observed for gen eral condition and health before and after each injec tion. Body weight was measured on day 0, days 6 to 19, day 23, and day 28 of pregnancy. Food consump tion was measured every other day from day 1. The dams were killed on day 28 of pregnancy. The uteri and ovaries were removed and the main organs observed macroscopically. The corpora lutea were counted. The number of implantations, dead embryos and fetuses, and viable fetuses were recorded. Body weight and placental weight of the live fetuses were measured. Then they were sexed and examined for external anomalies and intrathor acic and interperitoneal abnomalities. The intra throracic and interperitoneal organs of the fetuses were fixed, stained, and microscopically examined for anomalies, including dilation of the ventricle system. The skeletons were stained and examined for skeletal anomalies or variations. The number of sacral and caudal vertebra with ossification was counted as an indicator of progression of ossifica tion. There were no observed changes in health or general condition of the treated dams during the pregnancy period. No miscarriages were observed. There was no body weight difference between the control group and the S mL/kg d' group throughout the pregnancy. From day 15 to day 17, the mean weight of the 15 mL/kg d' group was higher than the control group (P < .0 5). The mean body weight gain for day 6 to day 19 was also more than the control group (P < .05). There was no difference in mean body weights for this group for the remainder of the pregnancy period. On day 12, the mean body weights of the 50 mL/kg d group was higher than the con trol group (P < .05); this continued through day 19 (P < .01). The weight gain for day 6 to day 19 was higher (P < .01) and lower from day 19 to day 28 (P < .01). There were no differences between the treated and control groups during the remainder of the pregnancy period. The increased body weight was attributed to the unabsorbed sodium hyaluro nate accumulating in each dam; there were no differ ences in food consumption for the pregnancy period. There were no differences in any of the measured reproduction parameters or external anomalies in their fetuses. There were no differences in skeletal abnormalities found. There were no differences in the visceral observations of fetuses. A developmental toxicity study was performed of sodium hyaluronate using New Zealand White rab bits.' 68 The rabbits were grouped into control, 8 mg/kg d', 20 mg/kg d', and 50 mg/kg d' and mated (n = 16 of each sex). In all groups but the 50 mg/kg d' group, 13 females became pregnant. In the high est dose group, 15 females became pregnant. The injections were made on the 6th through the 18th day of gestation. Body weights of the dams were measured on day 0, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 15, 24, and 29 of gestation. Food intake was measured every day of pregnancy. The dams were killed on the 29th day Hyaluronic Acid, Potassium Hyaluronate, and Sodium Hyaluronate / Becker et al 33 of gestation with pentobarbital sodium and necrop sied. The ovaries and the uterus were removed from each animal, and the number of corpora lutea, implantations, live fetuses, and dead fetuses were counted. Body weight and placental weight of the fetuses were measured. The live fetuses were sexed and observed for external and visceral abnormal ities. Skeletal specimens were processed and exam ined for abnormalities. There were no deaths and no changes in the general condition of the animals. In the 20 mg/kg d and the 50 mg/kg d' groups, there was protrusion around the periphery of the injection site containing a gelatinous/foamy mate rial retention, which the authors interpreted to be unabsorbed sodium hyaluronate solution. The 50 mg/kg d' group had increased body weights on the 15th through the 24th day of pregnancy com pared with controls, which the authors suggested was related to retention of sodium hyaluronate, but was not an indication of toxicity. This was also true of the 19th day of pregnancy for the 8 mg/kg d' group. The 50 mg/kg d' group had increased pla cental weights compared with controls. Otherwise, there were no differences observed between the experimental groups and the control group. There were occasional external, visceral, and skeletal anomalies in each group, but there was no statistical pattern, and they were thought to be due to sponta neous generation by the authors. The NOAEL was 50 mg/kg d', the highest dose tested. The effects of HMW sodium hyaluronate (NRD 101; molecular weight, 1.9 million) were stud ied on organogenesis using Japanese white rabbits (SPF).' 69 After 4 weeks of acclimation, 12-weekold males were paired with 25- to 26-week-old females or 56- to 57-week-old females (the 2 age groups were not separated in the results of this experiment). The pregnant females were placed into 1 of 4 groups (n = 17) and housed individually. Based on a subacute toxicity test on rats, the test dosages were set at 40 mg/kg d', 20 mg/kg d', and 10 mg/kg d1,delivered subcutaneously on days 6 to 18 of pregnancy. The general conditions of the dams were observed daily. Body weights were measured on days 6 to 18 and on days 20, 22, 24, 26, and 28 of pregnancy. Food consumption was measured on day 2 of pregnancy before treatment and on days 6 to 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, and 28 of pregnancy. The dams were killed, exsanguinated, and necropsied. The brain, pituitary, thymus gland, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, adrenal gland, kidneys, uterus, and ovaries were weighed. The uterus and ovaries were removed from each animal. The corpea lutea, absorbed embryos, dead fetuses, and surviving fetuses were counted. The surviving fetuses were examined for external abnormalities, and body weights and weights of pla centa were measured. One-third of the fetuses were fixed and necropsied. The remainder was used for skeletal examination. There was no maternal toxicity in any treatment group. There were no body weight or food consumption differences that could be attrib uted to the sodium hyaluronate, and none of the measurements taken at necropsy demonstrated an adverse effect. There were no teratological effects demonstrated. Sodium hyaluronate did not affect survival, sex ratios, or any of the other parameters examined in the fetuses.

General safety info about Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer from CIR

Hyaluronic acid, sodium hyaluronate, and potassium hyaluronate function in cosmetics as skin conditioning agents at concentrations up to 2%. Hyaluronic acid, pri marily obtained from bacterial fermentation and rooster combs, does penetrate to the dermis. Hyaluronic acid was not toxic in a wide range of acute animal toxicity studies, over several species and with different exposure routes. Hyaluronic acid was not immunogenic, nor was it a sensitizer in animal studies. Hyaluronic acid was not a reproductive or developmental toxicant. Hyaluronic acid was not genotoxic. Hyaluronic acid likely does not play a causal role in cancer metastasis; rather, increased expression of hyaluronic acid genes may be a conse quence of metastatic growth. Widespread clinical use of hyaluronic acid, primarily by injection, has been free of significant adverse reactions. Hyaluronic acid and its sodium and potassium salts are considered safe for use in cosmetics as described in the safety assessment. Keywords: cosmetics; hyaluronic acid; safety

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Products where you might find Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer

Lala Retro Whipped Moisturizer with Ceramides; Been A Long Day Glycolic Serum + Moisturizer Duo