Selenium

The Basics On Selenium

What is Selenium?

Mineral considered to be a potent antioxidant.

What are other names for Selenium?

SE, SELENIUM, SELENIUM (TOTAL), and SELENIUM, DISSOLVED

What is Selenium used for?

The role of Selenium Although Selenium has a number of positive attributes in skin care, the key role relates to its antioxidant properties and ability to tackle free radicals. … Antioxidants such as Selenium neutralise free radicals by donating one of their own electrons, ending the electron-“stealing” reaction.

How Selenium is classified

Antioxidants

Recommendations for using Selenium during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Limited data suggests no known risk

 

Selenium During Pregnancy

What we know about using Selenium while pregnant or breastfeeding

Limited information available.

No published dermal or inhalation DART studies were discovered and no new unpublished data were submitted. Oral Exposure Glyoxal Trimeric Dihydrate was used as a surrogate/analog for Glyoxal in studies of oral developmental toxicity in rats and rabbits.2 Glyoxal Trimeric Dihydrate was administered by gavage to rats at doses of 200, 800, 1200, 1600, and 2000 mg/kg on gestation days (GD) 6-15. All dams of the 2000 and 1600 mg/kg groups and five of eight dams of the 1200 mg/kg group died or had to be killed before GD 17. Rabbits that received ‚â•8000 mg/kg had rough coat, vaginal discharge, lethargy, respiratory distress and diarrhea. No abnormal clinical signs were noted in dams of the 200 mg/kg group during the study. Decreased maternal weight gain was noted in all treated animals. Decreased litter size, increased resorption incidence per litter, increased incidence of nonlive implants per litter, and decreased fetal body weight, were observed at the 1200 mg/kg dose. Six of eight litters of the 800 mg/kg group, and two of three litters of the 1200 mg/kg group were completely resorbed. Groups of rats were dosed by gavage with 50, 150, or 300 mg/kg/day Glyoxal Trimeric Dihydrate on GD 6-15. All rats were killed on GD 20 and the dams and fetuses were examined. Pregnancy rates were comparable to the rate for Distributed for comment only — do not cite or quote untreated controls. Maternal body weight gain was decreased in dams of the 300 mg/kg/day group compared to control dams. No differences were noted between treated and control animals in the frequency of postimplantation loss, mean fetal body weight per litter, or external, visceral, or skeletal malformations. A no-observable-adverse-effect level of ‚â•300 mg/kg/day was established. At that dose mild maternal toxicity was indicated by reduced maternal body weight and feed consumption. Glyoxal Trimeric Dihydrate, at doses of 200, 800, 1000, 1200, and 1500 mg/kg/day, was administered by gavage on GD 6 to 19 to pregnant rabbits. Maternal mortality was 100% at doses ‚â•800 mg/kg/day. One of seven rabbits of the 200 mg/kg/day group delivered prior to GD 30. No other adverse effects were noted. Pregnant rabbits received 400 or 600 mg/kg/day Glyoxal Trimeric Dihydrate on GD 6 to 19. Clinical signs of toxicity were observed in 6 of 10 animals of the 400 mg/kg/day group and in all 8 animals of the 600 mg/kg/day group. By GD 18 all rabbits of the 600 mg/kg/day group died or were killed. Two of 10 animals of this group aborted prior to necropsy. Maternal weight gain and corrected weight gain were significantly decreased compared to controls. Rabbits were administered 50 mg/kg/day Glyoxal Trimeric Dihydrate on GD 6 to 19. Rabbits were killed on GD 30. No treatment-related effect on maternal liver weight was noted at necropsy. No differences were noted between treated and control animals in the frequency of postimplantation loss, mean fetal body weight per litter, or external, visceral, or skeletal malformations. The NOAEL for maternal effects was <50 mg/kg/day and the level for developmental toxicity were 50 mg/kg/day. In a study conducted in accordance with OECD GL 414 (Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study), Glyoxal (0, 5, 25, and 125 mg/kg; 40% in water) was administered to female Wistar rats (n=19-24) by gavage on days 6 through 19 after mating. 5,7 Signs of maternal toxicity observed in the 125 mg/kg/day group were reduced feed consumption and lower corrected body weight gain. No test substance-related effects were observed on gestational parameters or fetuses. The NOAELs were 25 mg/kg/day for maternal toxicity and 125 mg/kg/day for embryotoxicity. In a study conducted in accordance with OECD GL 416 (Two-Generation Reproduction Toxicity Study), Glyoxal (0, 5, 25, 100, and 400 mg/kg; originally supplied in a 40% solution) was administered to male and female Wistar rats (n=25) in drinking water beginning 1 week before mating and continuing through parturition.5 The test substance was then administered at 50% of the dose calculated in the last week of pregnancy through weaning (post-natal day [PND] 21). The adults were then killed and necropsied. The experiment was then repeated with the offspring (F1 generation), which were then killed necropsied. The parental rats in the 100 and 400 mg/kg/day groups showed clinical signs of a test-substance-related effect. The most common finding in clinical pathology was decreased ALT activity in male and female rats of the 100 and 400 mg/kg/day dose groups of the F0 and the F1 generations. No other clinical pathology alteration indicating a microsomal enzyme induction was observed. Therefore, other reasons for the ALT-activity decrease, including an effect on the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate levels, cannot be excluded. One female rat in the 25 mg/kg/day group died during delivery. All the other test rats survived treatment and were killed at scheduled dates. The reduction of the terminal body weights of the males in both generations (F0 or F1 parental) in the 400 mg/kg/day was regarded as treatment-related effect. There were no indications from clinical, gross, or histopathology examinations that the test substance adversely affected the fertility or reproductive performance of the F0 or F1 parental rats at the highest dosage tested (400 mg/kg/day). For all live-born pups of the F0 and F1 parents, no test substance-induced signs of developmental toxicity were noted at dosage rates as high as 100 mg/kg/day. Postnatal survival and post-weaning development of the offspring of these test groups until sexual maturity were unaffected by the test substance. Furthermore, clinical and/or gross necropsy examinations of the F1 and F2 pups revealed no adverse findings. The developmental toxicity NOAEL was determined to be 400 mg/kg/day; 100 mg/kg/day for maternal toxicity.

General safety info about Selenium from CIR

The naturally occurring bialdehyde Glyoxal is used as a preservative in nail polishes and enamels. It is provided to formulators as a 40% aqueous solution because the nonhydrated form is highly reactive with water and other solvents. Reduced weight gain was seen in acute and subchronic animal studies, glyoxalase levels increased in the first 30 days, and hemorrhages of the mesenteric lymph nodes were found across a wide range of doses. Glyoxal readily forms DNA adducts at purine sites. Glyoxal is mutagenic in a wide range of systems, and oral studies indicate that it can act as a tumor promoter, but not an initiator. Clinical data indicate no evidence of sensitization. These data are insufficient to evaluate the safety of Glyoxal. Additional safety data are needed, including a dermal carcinogenesis study using the skin painting methods of the National Toxicology Program; impurities, especially with respect to selenium, chlorinated organic compounds, and the Glyoxal monomer; and current data on the types of products in which Glyoxal is used and at what concentrations. It is recognized that there are no reproductive or developmental toxicity data available to analyze-depending on the results of the studies described, additional data may be requested. It cannot be concluded that this ingredient is safe for use in cosmetic products until the listed safety data have been obtained and evaluated. Key Words: Glyoxal-Cosmetic useMutagenicity-Carcinogenicity-Safety.

Use this, not that!

Products where you might find Selenium

Sol de Janeiro Brazilian Joia Strengthening + Smoothing Conditioner; Sol de Janeiro Brazilian Joia Strengthening + Smoothing Shampoo; Sol de Janeiro Mini Brazilian Joia Strengthening + Smoothing Shampoo